Composition
Main article: Earth science
Earth science generally recognizes 4 spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, theatmosphere, and the biosphere[3] as correspondent to rocks, water, air, and life. Some scientists include, as part of the spheres of the Earth, the cryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere, as well as the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere. Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth.[4]There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysicsand geodesy. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology andmathematics to build a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the principal areas orspheres of the Earth system.
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